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- Title
A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity.
- Authors
Ravussin, Eric; Redman, Leanne M; Rochon, James; Das, Sai Krupa; Fontana, Luigi; Kraus, William E; Romashkan, Sergei; Williamson, Donald A; Meydani, Simin N; Villareal, Dennis T; Smith, Steven R; Stein, Richard I; Scott, Tammy M; Stewart, Tiffany M; Saltzman, Edward; Klein, Samuel; Bhapkar, Manju; Martin, Corby K; Gilhooly, Cheryl H; Holloszy, John O
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Caloric restriction (CR), energy intake reduced below ad libitum (AL) intake, increases life span in many species. The implications for humans can be clarified by randomized controlled trials of CR.<bold>Methods: </bold>To determine CR's feasibility, safety, and effects on predictors of longevity, disease risk factors, and quality of life in nonobese humans aged 21-51 years, 218 persons were randomized to a 2-year intervention designed to achieve 25% CR or to AL diet. Outcomes were change from baseline resting metabolic rate adjusted for weight change ("RMR residual") and core temperature (primary); plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and tumor necrosis factor-α (secondary); and exploratory physiological and psychological measures.<bold>Results: </bold>Body mass index averaged 25.1 (range: 21.9-28.0 kg/m(2)). Eighty-two percent of CR and 95% of AL participants completed the protocol. The CR group achieved 11.7±0.7 %CR (mean ± standard error) and maintained 10.4±0.4% weight loss. Weight change in AL was negligible. RMR residual decreased significantly more in CR than AL at 12 months (p = .04) but not 24 months (M24). Core temperature change differed little between groups. T3 decreased more in CR at M12 and M24 (p < .001), while tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly more only at M24 (p = .02). CR had larger decreases in cardiometabolic risk factors and in daily energy expenditure adjusted for weight change, without adverse effects on quality of life.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Sustained CR is feasible in nonobese humans. The effects of the achieved CR on correlates of human survival and disease risk factors suggest potential benefits for aging-related outcomes that could be elucidated by further human studies.
- Subjects
LOW-calorie diet; METABOLISM; BIOMARKERS; CALORIC content of foods; NUTRITION research
- Publication
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 2015, Vol 70, Issue 9, p1097
- ISSN
1079-5006
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/gerona/glv057