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- Title
Leishmania major -Infected Phlebotomus duboscqi Sand Fly Bites Enhance Mast Cell Degranulation.
- Authors
Sánchez-García, Laura; Pérez-Torres, Armando; Gudiño-Zayas, Marco E.; Zamora-Chimal, Jaime; Meneses, Claudio; Kamhawi, Shaden; Valenzuela, Jesus G.; Becker, Ingeborg
- Abstract
Leishmania parasites infect mammalian hosts through the bites of sand fly vectors. The response by mast cells (MC) to the parasite and vector-derived factors, delivered by sand fly bites, has not been characterized. We analyzed MC numbers and their mediators in BALB/c mice naturally infected in the ear with Leishmania major through the bite of the sand fly vector Phlebotomus duboscqi and compared them to non-infected sand fly bites. MC were found at the bite sites of infective and non-infected sand flies throughout 48 h, showing the release of granules with intense TNF-α, histamine, and tryptase staining. At 30 min and 48 h, the MC numbers were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in infected as compared to non-infected bites or controls. Neutrophil recruitment was intense during the first 6 h in the skin of infected and non-infected sand fly bites and decreased thereafter. An influx of neutrophils also occurred in lymph nodes, where a strong TNF-α stain was observed in mononuclear cells. Our data show that MC orchestrate an early inflammatory response after infected and non-infected sand fly bites, leading to neutrophilic recruitment, which potentially provides a safe passage for the parasite within the mammalian host.
- Subjects
SAND flies; PHLEBOTOMUS; MAST cells; LEISHMANIA major; LEISHMANIA; TRYPTASE; LYMPH nodes; DOG bites
- Publication
Pathogens, 2023, Vol 12, Issue 2, p207
- ISSN
2076-0817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pathogens12020207