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- Title
Comparing the Nature of Active Sites in Cu-loaded SAPO-34 and SSZ-13 for the Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol.
- Authors
Kvande, Karoline; Pappas, Dimitrios K.; Dyballa, Michael; Buono, Carlo; Signorile, Matteo; Borfecchia, Elisa; Lomachenko, Kirill A.; Arstad, Bjørnar; Bordiga, Silvia; Berlier, Gloria; Olsbye, Unni; Beato, Pablo; Svelle, Stian
- Abstract
On our route towards a more sustainable future, the use of stranded and underutilized natural gas to produce chemicals would be a great aid in mitigating climate change, due to the reduced CO2 emissions in comparison to using petroleum. In this study, we investigate the performance of Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 microporous materials in the stepwise, direct conversion of methane to methanol. With the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared (in combination with CO adsorption) and Raman spectroscopy, we compared the structure–activity relationships for the two materials. We found that SSZ-13 performed significantly better than SAPO-34 at the standard conditions. From CH4-TPR, it is evident that SAPO-34 requires a higher temperature for CH4 oxidation, and by changing the CH4 loading temperature from 200 to 300 °C, the yield (μmol/g) of SAPO-34 was increased tenfold. As observed from spectroscopy, both three- and four-fold coordinated Cu-species were formed after O2-activation; among them, the active species for methane activation. The Cu speciation in SAPO-34 is distinct from that in SSZ-13. These deviations can be attributed to several factors, including the different framework polarities, and the amount and distribution of ion exchange sites.
- Subjects
ION exchange (Chemistry); METHANE; RAMAN spectroscopy; NATURAL gas; X-ray spectroscopy; METHANE as fuel; METHANOL as fuel
- Publication
Catalysts (2073-4344), 2020, Vol 10, Issue 2, p191
- ISSN
2073-4344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/catal10020191