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- Title
Self-pressurised rapid freezing, a time-efficient and affordable cryo-fixation method for ultrastructural observations on unhatched cyst nematodes.
- Authors
Claeys, Myriam; Handayani, Nurul Dwi; Yushin, Vladimir V.; Lestari, Prabowo; Dikin, Antarjo; Helder, Johannes; Bert, Wim
- Abstract
Summary: Ultrastructural analysis of the early development of nematodes is hampered by the impermeability of the eggshell to most commonly used fixatives. High-pressure freezing (HPF), a physical cryo-fixation method, facilitates a fast rate of fixation, and by using this method the issue of the uneven delivery of fixative is circumvented. Although HPF results in a superior preservation of the fine structure, the equipment costs impede a wider application of this method. Self-pressurised rapid freezing (SPRF) is an alternative low-cost cryo-fixation method, and its usefulness was evaluated in an ultrastructural study of the eggshell and the cuticle of unhatched second-stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera schachtii. A comparison with conventional (chemical) fixation demonstrates that SPRF fixation results in a remarkably well-preserved ultrastructure of the entire egg including both the eggshell and the cellular details of the unhatched J2. Therefore, SPRF fixation is proposed as an affordable, relatively easy-to-use and time-efficient technique to study the ultrastructure of unhatched J2 and eggs of nematodes.
- Subjects
CYST nematodes; GOLDEN nematode; EGGSHELLS; SOYBEAN cyst nematode; FREEZING; SUGAR beet cyst nematode
- Publication
Nematology, 2020, Vol 22, Issue 1, p103
- ISSN
1388-5545
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1163/15685411-00003287