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- Title
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Population and Its Relationship with Early Vascular Aging according to Sex and Age: EVA Study.
- Authors
Gómez Sánchez, Marta; Gómez Sánchez, Leticia; Patino-Alonso, Maria C; Alonso-Domínguez, Rosario; Sánchez-Aguadero, Natalia; Lugones-Sánchez, Cristina; Rodríguez Sánchez, Emiliano; García Ortiz, Luis; Gómez-Marcos, Manuel A
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDA) and its components on early vascular aging (EVA) in a Spanish population sample free of cardiovascular disease and to analyze the differences by sex. Methods: We recruited 501 individuals aged 35–75 without cardiovascular disease by random sampling (55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men). EVA was defined in two steps: Step 1: subjects with vascular damage in carotid arteries or peripheral artery disease were classified as EVA. Step 2: subjects at the percentile of the combined Vascular Aging Index (VAI) were classified; ≥ p90 was considered EVA and < p90 was considered normal vascular aging (NVA), estimated using the following formula (VAI = (log (1.09) × 10 cIMT + log (1.14) cfPWV) × 39.1 + 4.76 by age and sex. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured by SphigmoCor System® and carotid intima-media thickness by Sonosite Micromax® ultrasound and classified thus: values ≥ Percentile 90 were considered EVA and those < Percentile 90 as NVA, with population percentiles analyzed. The principal result variable was assessed using the 14-item MEDAS questionnaire, developed and validated by the PREDIMED group, comprising 12 questions about the frequency of food consumption and two questions regarding the Spanish population's typical eating habits. Results: MDA was observed by 25% (17% men and 34% women). EVA was present in 17% (29% men and 4% women). The adjusted logistic regression models showed that an increase in MDA decreases the probability of EVA in the global analysis (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16–0.82). In the analysis by sex, this association was only seen in men (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.86), but not in women (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.04–2.50). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreases the probability of presenting EVA. In the analysis by sex, this association applies only to men.
- Subjects
SPAIN; AGE distribution; AGING; VASCULAR diseases; CAROTID artery diseases; CONFIDENCE intervals; FOOD habits; PATIENT compliance; PERIPHERAL vascular diseases; PROBABILITY theory; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICAL sampling; SEX distribution; LOGISTIC regression analysis; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; MEDITERRANEAN diet; ODDS ratio
- Publication
Nutrients, 2020, Vol 12, Issue 4, p1025
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu12041025