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- Title
Severe Fatigue and Persistent Symptoms at 3 Months Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections During the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron Time Periods: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
- Authors
Gottlieb, Michael; Wang, Ralph C; Yu, Huihui; Spatz, Erica S; Montoy, Juan Carlos C; Rodriguez, Robert M; Chang, Anna Marie; Elmore, Joann G; Hannikainen, Paavali A; Hill, Mandy; Huebinger, Ryan M; Idris, Ahamed H; Lin, Zhenqiu; Koo, Katherine; McDonald, Samuel; O'Laughlin, Kelli N; Plumb, Ian D; Santangelo, Michelle; Saydah, Sharon; Willis, Michael
- Abstract
Background Most research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants focuses on initial symptomatology with limited longer-term data. We characterized prevalences of prolonged symptoms 3 months post–SARS-CoV-2 infection across 3 variant time-periods (pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron). Methods This multicenter prospective cohort study of adults with acute illness tested for SARS-CoV-2 compared fatigue severity, fatigue symptoms, organ system–based symptoms, and ≥3 symptoms across variants among participants with a positive ("COVID-positive") or negative SARS-CoV-2 test ("COVID-negative") at 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 testing. Variant periods were defined by dates with ≥50% dominant strain. We performed multivariable logistic regression modeling to estimate independent effects of variants adjusting for sociodemographics, baseline health, and vaccine status. Results The study included 2402 COVID-positive and 821 COVID-negative participants. Among COVID-positives, 463 (19.3%) were pre-Delta, 1198 (49.9%) Delta, and 741 (30.8%) Omicron. The pre-Delta COVID-positive cohort exhibited more prolonged severe fatigue (16.7% vs 11.5% vs 12.3%; P =.017) and presence of ≥3 prolonged symptoms (28.4% vs 21.7% vs 16.0%; P <.001) compared with the Delta and Omicron cohorts. No differences were seen in the COVID-negatives across time-periods. In multivariable models adjusted for vaccination, severe fatigue and odds of having ≥3 symptoms were no longer significant across variants. Conclusions Prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection were more common among participants infected during pre-Delta than with Delta and Omicron; however, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for vaccination status, suggesting a beneficial effect of vaccination on risk of long-term symptoms. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04610515.
- Subjects
PATIENT aftercare; RESEARCH; COVID-19; MULTIPLE regression analysis; MULTIVARIATE analysis; HEALTH status indicators; RISK assessment; SEVERITY of illness index; RESEARCH funding; FATIGUE (Physiology); SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors; VACCINATION status; LONGITUDINAL method
- Publication
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 76, Issue 11, p1930
- ISSN
1058-4838
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/cid/ciad045