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- Title
WARMER TEMPERATURE MODIFIES EFFECTS OF POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS ON HORMONE PROFILES IN LEOPARD FROG TADPOLES (LITHOBATES PIPIENS).
- Authors
Freitas, Mariella B.; Brown, Cherry T.; Karasov, William H.
- Abstract
Amphibian populations have been declining, and climate change and exposure to environmental contaminants are thought to be involved. Higher water temperature accelerates larval development; however, its combined effects with contaminants and their influence on hormones during metamorphosis are poorly understood. The authors investigated changes in whole-body triiodothyronine (T3) and corticosterone concentrations in developing leopard frogs reared at 23°C and 28°C on diets with 0ngg-1, 6ngg-1, and 37ngg-1 of a technical mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; DE-71) from 10d to 44d (premetamorphosis to late climax; Gosner Stages 28 to 46). Unlike controls, PBDE-exposed tadpoles (6ngg-1) reared at 23°C failed to show any increase in T3 concentrations throughout metamorphosis, and exposed tadpoles reared at 28°C showed a lower peak at climax compared to controls. Corticosterone levels progressively increased throughout metamorphosis, but the levels were higher in PBDE-exposed tadpoles compared to controls at both temperatures. At the warmer temperature, corticosterone increase occurred earlier (at early climax) in controls and exposed tadpoles compared to tadpoles reared at the cooler temperature (late climax), coinciding with the faster development observed at 28°C. Tadpoles reared at 28°C were longer and developed faster than tadpoles reared at 23°C. At both temperatures, PBDE exposure decreased T3 and increased corticosterone concentrations, which can potentially impair developing tadpoles.
- Subjects
AMPHIBIAN culture; INDICATOR organisms in water pollution; POLYBROMINATED biphenyls; TADPOLES; PHENYL ethers; ANIMAL behavior
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2017, Vol 36, Issue 1, p120
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/etc.3506