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- Title
Effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niche formation in tumors.
- Authors
Guo, Yaxin; Ji, Xiang; Liu, Jinbo; Fan, Dandan; Zhou, Quanbo; Chen, Chen; Wang, Weiwei; Wang, Guixian; Wang, Haijiang; Yuan, Weitang; Ji, Zhenyu; Sun, Zhenqiang
- Abstract
A pre-metastatic niche is a microenvironment prepared for the colonization of circulating tumor cells in specific organs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions. Exosomes play an irreplaceable role in the development of pre-metastatic niches, and mainly function as communication medium. In this review, we analyzed the effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niches from various perspectives, including inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, organotropism, matrix remodeling and biomarker expression. In particular, exosomes express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cause the immune escape of tumor cells. The immunomodulatory effects of exosomes and their potential in liquid diagnosis have drawn our attention. The potential value of exosomes and pre-metastatic niches will be realized in the field of immunity therapy.
- Subjects
TUMORS; EXOSOMES; TUMOR microenvironment; IMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Molecular Cancer, 2019, Vol 18, Issue 1, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1476-4598
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1