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- Title
STAEBLE: A Surface‐Temperature‐ and Available‐Energy‐Based Lake Evaporation Model.
- Authors
Dias, Nelson Luís; Hoeltgebaum, Lucas E. B.; Santos, Irani
- Abstract
A mass transfer evaporation model is proposed that uses MODIS water surface temperature data and land‐based meteorological data, and employs a new approach to calibrate the transfer coefficient via closure of the long‐term energy budget of the lake. Some of the longstanding issues of developing and applying lake evaporation models are reviewed, including the adequacy of using land‐based meteorological data, the difficulty of applying transfer coefficients with fixed values calibrated elsewhere, and the need to estimate rates of change of stored enthalpy when the model involves energy budget concepts. Publicly available data from a 5‐year measurement campaign at Lake Mead allow quantification of the effect of using land‐based data, and subsequent testing of the proposed model. We show that atmospheric stability effects are very important, and that their incorporation by means of existing stability functions in the literature produces good results with a one‐parameter model that can be locally calibrated with the same input data used by the model, without the need for local measurements. The model is simple in its structure and data requirements, and can be widely applied. Plain Language Summary: The evaporation rate from a natural or artificial lake (i.e., the amount of water evaporated into the atmosphere in a given time, from 1 day to 1 year) is an important quantity to model and understand the weather and climate, to model the water temperature in the lake, and for water resources management in general. It is also difficult to measure, and very uncertain to estimate. We developed a model that uses simple physics based on water surface temperature measured by satellite and local meteorological measurements, and that adjusts the total evaporation over many years to be equivalent to the total energy available to convert liquid water to vapor. Key Points: A new mass transfer method for lake evaporation is proposed that self‐calibrates the transfer coefficientThe calibration is based on closing the long‐term energy budget and dispenses in‐situ evaporation measurementsStandard atmospheric stability functions must be incorporated for the best results
- Subjects
ENERGY budget (Geophysics); WATER management; WATER temperature; METEOROLOGICAL satellites; WATER vapor; MASS transfer; LAKES
- Publication
Water Resources Research, 2023, Vol 59, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
0043-1397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2022WR033012