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- Title
Utilization of Exogenous Enzymes As Enhancers of Creep Feeding Rations.
- Authors
Lourenço, J. M.; Campbell, B. T.; Segers, J. R.; Stewart, R. L.
- Abstract
An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate if some exogenous enzymes customarily used in rations of monogastric animals would be effective when included in a creep feed (CF) for nursing beef calves. The tested enzymes were included in the experimental treatments both individually and in combination. The treatments consisted of: 1) Bermuda grass (BER); 2) a mixture of 75% Bermuda grass and 25% CF (BERCF); 3) BERCF enhanced with xylanase (XYL); 4) BERCF enhanced with β-1,3-glucanase (BGLUC); 5) BERCF enhanced with α-amylase (AMYL); 6) BERCF enhanced with a combination of xylanase, β -1,3-glucanase and β -1,4-glucanase (COMB1); or 7) BERCF enhanced with a combination of xylanase, β -1,3-glucanase, β -1,4-glucanase and α-amylase (COMB2). Two rates of inclusion of these enzymes were tested: the dose normally used in rations of monogastric animals (i.e., the label dose of 300 g/t DM for XYL, 400 g/t DM for BGLUC, 650 g/t DM for AMYL, 200 g/t DM for COMB1, and 850 g/t DM for COMB2) and a dose 10 times greater (10x). Five replications per treatment were used. Incubations were performed for 24h using rumen fluid collected by esophageal tubing from 10 6-mo-old nursing calves. Analysis of variance was conducted as a completely randomized design using fermentation bottle as the experimental unit with treatments and replications as factors. Digestibility of ADF was lowest (P = 0.02) for BER, however, it was greater for BERCF, and it was maximal for BGLUC 10x (48.8, 52.3, and 56.3%, respectively). Similarly, IVDMD was lowest (P = 0.02) for BER and highest for XYL 10x (27.4 vs. 41.3%). Total production of VFA was also minimal for BER, and it was greatest for COMB2 10x (82.0 vs. 97.4 mM; P < 0.01). The acetate:propionate ratio was greatest for BER (3.63; P = 0.01). No differences were found regarding molar proportion of propionate, however, molar proportion of butyrate was smallest for BER (11.4 mol/100 mol; P < 0.01). Total gas produced per g of incubated DM, and concentration of methane per g of incubated DM were both lowest for BER (84.6 mL and 0.88 mmol/g of incubated DM, respectively; P < 0.01). Overall, the inclusion of the studied enzymes improved important traits such as IVDMD, ADF digestibility, and production of VFA. These improvements were more evident when a dose 10 times greater than the label dose was used, suggesting that this would be their optimal level of inclusion in creep feeds.
- Subjects
BEEF cattle feeding &; feeds; ENZYMES in animal nutrition; BERMUDA grass as feed
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2016, Vol 95, p47
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Abstract
- DOI
10.2527/ssasas2017.094