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- Title
COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Levels Highest amongst Indigenous Peoples in Alberta.
- Authors
Lawal, Mobolaji A.; Shalaby, Reham; Chima, Chidi; Vuong, Wesley; Hrabok, Marianne; Gusnowski, April; Surood, Shireen; Greenshaw, Andrew J.; Agyapong, Vincent I. O.
- Abstract
This study explores differences in stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by different ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional online survey of subscribers of the COVID-19 Text4Hope text messaging program in Alberta. Stress, anxiety, and depression were measured among Caucasian, Indigenous, Asian, and other ethnic groups using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scales, respectively. The burden of depression and stress were significantly higher in Indigenous populations than in both Caucasian and Asian ethnic groups. The mean difference between Indigenous and Caucasian for PHQ-9 scores was 1.79, 95% CI of 0.74 to 2.84, p < 0.01 and for PSS-10 it was 1.92, 95% CI of 0.86 to 2.98, p < 0.01). The mean difference between Indigenous and Asian for PHQ-9 scores was 1.76, 95% CI of 0.34 to 3.19, p = 0.01 and for PSS-10 it was 2.02, 95% CI of 0.63 to 3.41, p < 0.01. However, Indigenous participant burden of anxiety was only significantly higher than Asian participants' (mean difference for GAD-7 was 1.91, 95% CI of 0.65 to 3.18, p < 0.01). Indigenous people in Alberta have higher burden of mental illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are helpful for service planning and delivery.
- Subjects
ALBERTA; COVID-19 pandemic; INDIGENOUS peoples; PERCEIVED Stress Scale; ANXIETY; ETHNIC groups
- Publication
Behavioral Sciences (2076-328X), 2021, Vol 11, Issue 9, p115
- ISSN
2076-328X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/bs11090115