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- Title
Astrocyte‐Derived Exosomes Contribute to Pathologies of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in Rodent Model.
- Authors
Xie, Yi; Chen, Bo; Wang, Qiong; Chen, Xuejiao; Lai, Wenwen; Xu, Yaping; Deng, Saiyue; Yu, Zhiyuan; Xie, Minjie; Bu, Bitao; Mou, Dapeng; Yi, Chenju; Ding, Fengfei; Wang, Wei
- Abstract
Objective: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that leads to severe disability. A large proportion of NMOSD patients are seropositive for aquaporin‐4 autoantibodies (AQP4‐IgG, named as NMO‐IgG) targeting AQP4, which is selectively expressed on astrocytes in the central nervous system. This study tests the hypothesis that in response to NMO‐IgG, the pathogenic astrocyte‐derived exosomes are released and injure the neighboring cells. Methods: IgG purified from serum of either NMOSD patients or healthy controls was used to generate astrocyte‐derived exosomes (AST‐ExosNMO vs AST‐ExosCON) in cultured rat astrocytes. The exosomes were respectively delivered to cultured rat oligodendrocytes in vitro, tissue culture of rat optic nerve ex vivo, and rat optic nerve in vivo to evaluate the pathogenic roles of AST‐ExosNMO. The microRNA (miRNA) sequencing of AST‐Exos and verification were performed to identify the key pathogenic miRNA. The custom‐designed adeno‐associated virus (AAV) antagonizing the key miRNA was evaluated for its therapeutic effects in vivo. Moreover, the serum levels of the key exosomal miRNA were measured between NMOSD patients and healthy controls. Results: AST‐ExosNMO led to notable demyelination in both cultured oligodendrocytes and optic nerve tissue. Exosomal miR‐129‐2‐3p was identified as the key miRNA mediating the demyelinating pathogenesis via downstream target gene SMAD3. AAV antagonizing miR‐129‐2‐3p protected against demyelination in an NMOSD rodent model. The serum exosomal miR‐129‐2‐3p level was significantly elevated in NMOSD patients and correlated with disease severity. Interpretation: Astrocytes targeted by NMO‐IgG release pathogenic exosomes that could potentially be used as therapeutic targets or disease monitoring biomarkers in NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:163–181
- Subjects
NEUROMYELITIS optica; EXOSOMES; MYELIN sheath diseases; CENTRAL nervous system; OPTIC nerve; NERVE tissue
- Publication
Annals of Neurology, 2023, Vol 94, Issue 1, p163
- ISSN
0364-5134
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ana.26650