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- Title
Molecular and Genetic Factors Involved in Olfactory and Gustatory Deficits and Associations with Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease.
- Authors
Melis, Melania; Haehner, Antje; Mastinu, Mariano; Hummel, Thomas; Tomassini Barbarossa, Iole
- Abstract
Deficits in olfaction and taste are among the most frequent non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) that start very early and frequently precede the PD motor symptoms. The limited data available suggest that the basis of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction related to PD are likely multifactorial and may include the same determinants responsible for other non-motor symptoms of PD. This review describes the most relevant molecular and genetic factors involved in the PD-related smell and taste impairments, and their associations with the microbiota, which also may represent risk factors associated with the disease.
- Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease; DISEASE risk factors; SMELL; SYMPTOMS; SMELL disorders; GUT microbiome
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, Vol 22, Issue 8, p4286
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms22084286