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- Title
Climate, duration, and N placement determine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in reduced tillage systems: a meta-analysis.
- Authors
Kessel, Chris; Venterea, Rodney; Six, Johan; Adviento‐Borbe, Maria Arlene; Linquist, Bruce; Groenigen, Kees Jan
- Abstract
No-tillage and reduced tillage ( NT/ RT) management practices are being promoted in agroecosystems to reduce erosion, sequester additional soil C and reduce production costs. The impact of NT/ RT on N2O emissions, however, has been variable with both increases and decreases in emissions reported. Herein, we quantitatively synthesize studies on the short- and long-term impact of NT/ RT on N2O emissions in humid and dry climatic zones with emissions expressed on both an area- and crop yield-scaled basis. A meta-analysis was conducted on 239 direct comparisons between conventional tillage ( CT) and NT/ RT. In contrast to earlier studies, averaged across all comparisons, NT/ RT did not alter N2O emissions compared with CT. However, NT/ RT significantly reduced N2O emissions in experiments >10 years, especially in dry climates. No significant correlation was found between soil texture and the effect of NT/ RT on N2O emissions. When fertilizer-N was placed at ≥5 cm depth, NT/ RT significantly reduced area-scaled N2O emissions, in particular under humid climatic conditions. Compared to CT under dry climatic conditions, yield-scaled N2O increased significantly (57%) when NT/ RT was implemented <10 years, but decreased significantly (27%) after ≥10 years of NT/ RT. There was a significant decrease in yield-scaled N2O emissions in humid climates when fertilizer-N was placed at ≥5 cm depth. Therefore, in humid climates, deep placement of fertilizer-N is recommended when implementing NT/ RT. In addition, NT/ RT practices need to be sustained for a prolonged time, particularly in dry climates, to become an effective mitigation strategy for reducing N2O emissions.
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY; NITROGEN oxides; EMISSIONS (Air pollution); EROSION; GLOBAL environmental change; BIOLOGY
- Publication
Global Change Biology, 2013, Vol 19, Issue 1, p33
- ISSN
1354-1013
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02779.x