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Title
Penguin waddling is not wasteful.
Abstract
Discusses the benefits to waddling in penguins. Suggestion that waddling conserves mechanical energy compared to walking; How waddling gait appears to involve large fluctuations in lateral kinetic energy and a poor exchange of mechanical energy; How kinetic energy fluctuates less laterally than in the fore-aft direction; Thought that waddling does not explain the high metabolic cost of penguin walking.