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- Title
Soluble factors secreted by differentiating embryonic stem cells stimulate exogenous cell proliferation and migration.
- Authors
Ngangan, Alyssa V.; Waring, James C.; Cooke, Marissa T.; Mandrycky, Christian J.; McDevitt, Todd C.
- Abstract
Introduction Stem cells are being investigated as catalysts of tissue regeneration to either directly replace or promote cellularity lost as a result of traumatic injury or degenerative disease. In many reports, despite low numbers of stably integrated cells, the transient presence of cells delivered or recruited to sites of tissue remodeling globally benefits functional recovery. Such findings have motivated the need to determine how paracrine factors secreted from transplanted cells may be capable of positively impacting endogenous repair processes and somatic cell responses. Methods Embryonic stem cells were differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and media conditioned by EBs was collected at different intervals of time. Gene and protein expression analysis of several different growth factors secreted by EBs were examined by PCR and ELISA analysis, respectively, as a function of time. The proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells treated with EB conditioned media was examined compared to unconditioned and growth media controls. Results The expression of several growth factors, including bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), increased during the course of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation as embryoid bodies (EBs). Conditioned media collected from EBs at different stages of differentiation stimulated proliferation and migration of both fibroblasts and endothelial cells, based on BrdU incorporation and transwell assays, respectively. Conclusions Overall, these results demonstrate that differentiating ESCs express increasing amounts of various growth factors over time that altogether are capable of stimulating mitogenic and motogenic activity of exogenous cell populations.
- Subjects
EMBRYONIC stem cells; CELL differentiation; CELL proliferation; CELL migration; DEGENERATION (Pathology); GENE expression; STEM cell migration
- Publication
Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2014, Vol 5, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1757-6512
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/scrt415