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- Title
Enhancing the Efficiency of Banana Peel Bio-Coagulant in Turbid and River Water Treatment Applications.
- Authors
Azamzam, Abdassalam A.; Rafatullah, Mohd; Yahya, Esam Bashir; Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu; Lalung, Japareng; Alam, Mahboob; Siddiqui, Masoom Raza
- Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the potential use of banana peel waste as a natural coagulant and to enhance its coagulation performance using a green modification approach for the removal of synthetic water turbidity and river water treatment. Here, the regular banana peel powder had an average particle size and diameter of 978 ± 37 nm and 602 ± 13 nm, respectively, while the modified powder possessed 571 ± 41 nm and 360 ± 19 nm particle size and diameter, respectively. The coagulation performance was investigated at different pH levels, doses, sedimentation times, and NaCl quantities. The optimum dose was found to be 0.4 g/L for modified banana peel with turbidity removal of up to 90%. NaCl slightly enhanced the coagulation performance at low quantities of less than 0.4 g/L, but the activity was reduced at higher concentrations even in the modified powder. Banana peel powder had a weaker turbidity reduction of 76 and 84% for non-modified and modified powders in river water, respectively, in addition to significant reduction in water color, total dissolved and suspended solids, and chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. SEM and FT-IR characterization were performed to investigate and confirm the coagulation mechanism. Such a green modification of banana peel powder can be an alternative with significantly potential as a low cost and easily available bio-coagulant, which can certainly contribute to the waste reduction.
- Subjects
COAGULANTS; WATER purification; BANANAS; TOTAL suspended solids; BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand; CHEMICAL oxygen demand
- Publication
Water (20734441), 2022, Vol 14, Issue 16, p2473
- ISSN
2073-4441
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/w14162473