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- Title
Long-term two-photon fluorescence imaging of mammalian embryos without compromising viability.
- Authors
Squirrell, Jayne M.; Wokosin, David L.; White, John G.; Bavister, Barry D.
- Abstract
A major challenge for fluorescence imaging of living mammalian cells is maintaining viability following prolonged exposure to excitation illumination. We have monitored the dynamics of mitochondrial distribution in hamster embryos at frequent intervals over 24 h using two-photon microscopy (1,047 nm) while maintaining blastocyst, and even fetal, developmental competence. In contrast, confocal imaging for only 8 h inhibits development, even without fluorophore excitation. Photo-induced production of H[SUB2]O[SUB2] may account, in part, for this inhibition. Thus, two-photon microscopy, but not confocal microscopy, has permitted long-term fluorescence observations of the dynamics of three-dimensional cytoarchitecture in highly photosensitive specimens such as mammalian embryos.
- Subjects
FLUORESCENCE; MITOCHONDRIA
- Publication
Nature Biotechnology, 1999, Vol 17, Issue 8, p763
- ISSN
1087-0156
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/11698