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- Title
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Mediates Circadian Rhythms in Mammalian Olfactory Bulb and Olfaction.
- Authors
Miller, Jae-eun Kang; Granados-Fuentes, Daniel; Wang, Thomas; Marpegan, Luciano; Holy, Timothy E.; Herzog, Erik D.
- Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the olfactory bulbs (OBs) function as an independent circadian system regulating daily rhythms in olfactoryperformance. However, the cell s and signals in the olfactory system that generate and coordinate these circadian rhythms areun known. Using real-time imaging of gene expression, we found that the isolated olfactory epithelium and OB, but not the piriform cortex, express similar, sustained circadian rhythms in PERIOD2 (PER2). In vivo, PER2 expression in the OB of mice is circadian, approximately doubling with a peak around subjective dusk. Furthermore, mice exhibit circadian rhythms in odor detection performance with a peak at approximately subjective dusk. We also found that circadian rhythms in gene expression and odor detection performance require vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or its receptor VPAC2R. VIP is expressed, in a circadian manner, in interneurons in the external plexiform and periglomerular layers, whereas VPAC2Ris expressed in mitral and external tufted cells in the OB. Together, these results indicate that VIP signaling modulates the output from the OB to maintain circadian rhythms in the mammalian olfactory system.
- Subjects
VASOACTIVE intestinal peptide; CIRCADIAN rhythms; OLFACTORY bulb; SMELL; CEREBRAL cortex; MICE physiology
- Publication
Journal of Neuroscience, 2014, Vol 34, Issue 17, p6040
- ISSN
0270-6474
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4713-13.2014