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- Title
Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia Coli.
- Authors
al-kareem, Zahraa Abed; Ali, May Mohammed; Abed, Sarah Najm
- Abstract
The treatment of bacterial illnesses is a complicated task because this micro-organism has the ability to develop a wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance and in different mechanisms. Antimicrobial drugs are typically categorized according to their primary mode of action, for example β-lactams and glycol-peptide agents may interfere with cell wall synthesis, while macrolides and tetracycline disturb bacterial protein synthesis, another group (fluoroquinolones and rifampin) can inhibit nucleic acid and genetic material synthesis, while inhibition of a metabolic pathway is a mechanism of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole agents, interference with the structure of bacterial membranes and function is a characteristics of polymyxins and daptomycin. Antibiotic resistance can develop in bacteria in a variety of ways. They may be naturally resistant to antimicrobial treatments, or they may be resistant due to genetic alterations or the transmission of a resistance allele from another species. The development of effluxing systems that prevent the medicine from accomplishing its aim intracellularly, adapting the medication's area of action, or providing a substitute biosynthetic activity that avoids the drug's effects could all be possible with a new resistant allele. By conjugation, transformation, or transduction, antimicrobial-inclined microorganisms can gain current genetic material from resistant bacteria, with transposons commonly assisting the inclusion of multiple resistance genes into the host's genome or plasmids. Antibacterial therapies provide selection stress, which allows new bacteria to emerge.
- Subjects
DRUG resistance in bacteria; PEPTIDE antibiotics; ESCHERICHIA coli; TRANSPOSONS; MICROBIOLOGICAL synthesis; ANTI-infective agents; BACTERIAL cell walls
- Publication
Kerbala Jorunal of Medicine, 2023, Vol 16, Issue 1, p2613
- ISSN
1990-5483
- Publication type
Article