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- Title
Association between vitamin K<sub>1</sub> intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
- Authors
Palmer, Claire R.; Bellinge, Jamie W.; Dalgaard, Frederik; Sim, Marc; Murray, Kevin; Connolly, Emma; Blekkenhorst, Lauren C.; Bondonno, Catherine P.; Croft, Kevin D.; Gislason, Gunnar; Tjønneland, Anne; Overvad, Kim; Schultz, Carl; Lewis, Joshua R.; Hodgson, Jonathan M.; Bondonno, Nicola P.
- Abstract
Reported associations between vitamin K1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52–60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87–192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.
- Subjects
CANCER-related mortality; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; VITAMINS; MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; DIET
- Publication
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2021, Vol 36, Issue 10, p1005
- ISSN
0393-2990
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9