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- Title
Mental and physical health correlates of the psychological impact of the first wave of COVID-19 among general population of Pakistan.
- Authors
Kazmi, Syed Messum Ali; Lewis, Christopher Alan; Hasan, Syeda Salma; Iftikhar, Rabia; Fayyaz, Muhammad Umar; Anjum, Fayyaz Ahmed
- Abstract
The primary aim was to assess the role of mental and physical health of COVID-19 and its psychological impact in the general population of Pakistan during the first wave of COVID-19. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant predictive association among socio-demographic variables, psychological impact and mental health status resulting from COVID-19, and poor self-reported physical health would be significantly associated with adverse psychological impact and poor mental health status because of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey research design was used in which 1,361 respondents were sampled online during lockdown imposed in the country. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used to assess participants' mental health status. 18% of the respondents reported moderate to severe event-specific distress, 22.6% reported moderate to severely extreme depression, 29% reported moderate to extreme anxiety, and 12.1% reported moderate to extreme stress. Female gender, having graduate-level education, currently studying, and self-reported physical symptoms (persistent fever, chills, headache, cough, breathing difficulty, dizziness, and sore throat) were significantly associated with higher levels of psychological impact exhibited through higher scores on the IES-R and poorer mental health status exhibited through higher scores on the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Subscales).
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; PSYCHOLOGICAL factors; MENTAL health; COVID-19; DYSPNEA; CROSS-sectional method
- Publication
Frontiers in Psychology, 2022, Vol 13, p01
- ISSN
1664-1078
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942108