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- Title
Pd Nanocatalyst Adorning Coral Reef Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Nitriles: Utility of Cucurbita pepo Leaf Extract as a Stabilizing and Reducing Agent.
- Authors
Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud; Ghorbannezhad, Fatemeh; Sajadi, S. Mohammad; Varma, Rajender S.
- Abstract
A simple procedure for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides is described via a nucleophilic non-toxic cyanide source, K4[Fe(CN)6] in the presence of Pd/coral reef nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst; the protocol provides a useful and easy method for the synthesis of aryl nitriles that are generated from the corresponding variant aryl halides, with sodium carbonate as a base. The nanocatalyst was prepared by a biological process using aqueous extract of leaves of Cucurbita pepo as a stabilizing and reducing agent and coral reef as a natural support, without deploying any hazardous chemicals. The catalyst, that is easily separable from the reaction mixture and reused multiple times, was characterized by FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and elemental mapping.
- Subjects
CYANIDES; CORAL reefs &; islands; CUCURBITA pepo; INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; NITRILE synthesis; STABILIZING agents
- Publication
Nanomaterials (2079-4991), 2019, Vol 9, Issue 4, p565
- ISSN
2079-4991
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nano9040565