We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Intake of vitamin D by Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years in relation to sociodemographic factors.
- Authors
Räsänen, M.; Kronberg-Kippilä, C.; Ahonen, S.; Uusitalo, L.; Kautiainen, S.; Erkkola, M.; Veijola, R.; Knip, M.; Kaila, M.; Virtanen, S. M.
- Abstract
Objective:To study the total daily intake of vitamin D from food and supplements among Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years, the dietary sources of vitamin D and the association between vitamin D intake and sociodemographic factors.Subjects and methods:The subjects are participants in the Finnish Type I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study born between October 1997 and October 1998. At the age of 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years, 342 (72% of the invited families), 298 (63%), 267 (56%), 233 (49%) and 209 (44%) families, respectively, participated in the present study. Food consumption was assessed by a 3-day food record. A structured questionnaire was used to record the parents' socioeconomic status.Results:The mean dietary vitamin D intake exceeded the recommendation (10 μg/day) at the age of 3 (11.0 μg) and 6 months (12.0 μg), but decreased thereafter being 9.8, 5.0 and 4.1 μg at 1, 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Among the children 91, 91, 81, 42 and 26% used vitamin D supplements at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. In children not using vitamin D supplements, vitamin D intake was less than 10 μg/day at all ages. Vitamin D intake from food did not differ in children who used and did not use vitamin D supplements. Vitamin D supplements were the main source of vitamin D intake in all age groups studied, followed by vitamin D-fortified infant formula in 3-month-olds and infant formula and baby foods in 6-month-olds. After the age of 1 year, the most important food sources of vitamin D were margarine, fish, baby foods, low-fat milk and eggs. Sociodemographic factors, especially the number of children in the family and maternal age, were associated with the total vitamin D intake and vitamin D supplement use.Conclusion:Vitamin D supplements are not used according to the dietary recommendations in a substantial proportion of Finnish children.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006) 60, 1317–1322. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459; published online 14 June 2006
- Subjects
FINLAND; VITAMIN D in human nutrition; CHILD nutrition; SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors; LOW-fat foods; DIETARY supplements; ANALYSIS of variance
- Publication
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006, Vol 60, Issue 11, p1317
- ISSN
0954-3007
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459