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- Title
A case report of immunosuppression-related Kaposi's sarcoma after autologous stem cell transplantation.
- Authors
Heyrman, Bert; De Becker, Ann; Schots, Rik
- Abstract
Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumor formed by angioproliferations driven by Human herpes virus 8 also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). It is best known as an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illness that may be fatal. There are only a few reports of KS after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This is the first case describing the disappearance of KS with immune recovery after autologous HCT. Case presentation: We present the case of a 61-year-old male heterosexual patient of Moroccan origin treated for primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because of refractory disease he received multiple lines of chemotherapy prior to autologous HCT. After the second course of low-dose bis-chloroethylnitrosourea, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan (BEAM) the patient developed several round blue skin lesions. A biopsy was performed, showing many small vessels and positive immune histochemical staining for Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), confirming diagnosis of KS. Human immunodeficiency virus testing was negative and work-up showed that there were no visceral lesions. When KS are limited to the skin, prognosis is usually better. The extensive chemotherapy resulted in an important immunosuppression; on day 105 after autologous HCT CD4+ count was 82/mm3. Since KS were limited to the skin and attributed to severe immune suppression a watchful waiting strategy was adopted even though in the first months after autologous HCT new skin lesions appeared. With immune recovery (CD4+ count > 200/mm3) 277 days after transplant, skin lesions faded. Conclusion: Kaposi's sarcoma remains a rare tumor that should be thought of in any patient whose immunity is down. If immune recovery is expected and disease is limited to the skin, a watchful waiting strategy can be more rewarding than intensive chemotherapy.
- Subjects
KAPOSI'S sarcoma-associated herpesvirus diseases; AIDS; HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; CANCER chemotherapy
- Publication
BMC Research Notes, 2016, Vol 9, p1
- ISSN
1756-0500
- Publication type
Case Study
- DOI
10.1186/s13104-016-1991-9