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- Title
Development and Optimization of Andrographis paniculata Extract-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Using Experimental Design Model.
- Authors
Pornpitchanarong, Chaiyakarn; Akkaramongkolporn, Prasert; Nattapulwat, Nattawat; Opanasopit, Praneet; Patrojanasophon, Prasopchai
- Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop an optimized formulation for an Andrographis paniculata extract (AGPE)-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using an experimental design and evaluate the characteristics of the developed SMEDDS. The solubility of andrographolide (AGP) in various solvents was investigated. The pseudo-ternary phase was constructed to provide an optimal range for each component to form microemulsions (MEs). The formulation was optimized using an I-optimal design mixture type, where the physical stability, droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were examined. Soft capsules of the optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS were manufactured. The dissolution and ex vivo membrane permeation were studied. Oleic acid, Tween® 80, and PEG 400 were the best solubilizers for AGP. The promising surfactant to co-surfactant ratio to generate ME was 3:1. The optimized SMEDDS contained 68.998% Tween® 80, with 13.257% oleic acid and 17.745% PEG 400. The assayed content of AGP, uniformity of dosage unit, and stability complied with the expected specifications. The dissolution and membrane permeability of AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was significantly improved from the A. paniculata extract (p < 0.05). All in all, the developed optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was proven to contain optimal composition and AGP content where a stable ME could spontaneously be formed with enhanced delivery efficacy.
- Subjects
ANDROGRAPHIS paniculata; DRUG delivery systems; MICROEMULSIONS; EXPERIMENTAL design; ZETA potential; OLEIC acid; MEMBRANE permeability (Biology)
- Publication
Pharmaceutics, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 2, p166
- ISSN
1999-4923
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pharmaceutics16020166