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- Title
Prognostic Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review of Challenges and Opportunities.
- Authors
Stares, Mark; Brown, Leo R.; Abhi, Dhruv; Phillips, Iain
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common diagnosis from which many patients die. Blood tests reflecting systemic inflammation are routinely collected in the NSCLC clinic and may provide information on a patient's likelihood of a future event. Despite this, these "prognostic biomarkers" are not routinely used in clinical practice. In this narrative review we describe the key biomarkers of systemic inflammation and their prognostic significance in NSCLC. We highlight several challenges that limit their clinical application, including the need to; define an optimal inflammatory biomarker, consider NSCLC as a collection of different diseases, and explore outcomes with respect to how they may change clinical practice. We discuss how these challenges may be overcome through collaboration and the standardisation of recording and reporting of inflammatory biomarker studies. Further, we highlight the potential of modern electronic patient records and advanced data-analyses techniques in this area of research. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy and is associated with poor survival outcomes. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation derived from blood tests collected as part of routine clinical care offer prognostic information for patients with NSCLC that may assist clinical decision making. They are an attractive tool, as they are inexpensive, easily measured, and reproducible in a variety of healthcare settings. Despite the wealth of evidence available to support them, these inflammatory biomarkers are not yet routinely used in clinical practice. In this narrative review, the key inflammatory indices reported in the literature and their prognostic significance in NSCLC are described. Key challenges limiting their clinical application are highlighted, including the need to define the optimal biomarker of systemic inflammation, a lack of understanding of the systemic inflammatory landscape of NSCLC as a heterogenous disease, and the lack of clinical relevance in reported outcomes. These challenges may be overcome with standardised recording and reporting of inflammatory biomarkers, clinicopathological factors, and survival outcomes. This will require a collaborative approach, to which this field of research lends itself. This work may be aided by the rise of data-driven research, including the potential to utilise modern electronic patient records and advanced data-analysis techniques.
- Subjects
SURVIVAL; BLOOD testing; INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; TUMOR markers; DECISION making; PROTHROMBIN; ELECTRONIC health records; LUNG cancer; INFLAMMATION
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 8, p1508
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16081508