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- Title
A comprehensive review about the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated review.
- Authors
Sharafi, Faezeh; Hasani, Sadegh Abaei; Alesaeidi, Samira; Kahrizi, Mohammad Saeed; Adili, Ali; Ghoreishizadeh, Shadi; Shomali, Navid; Tamjidifar, Rozita; Aslaminabad, Ramin; Akbari, Morteza
- Abstract
A pharmacological class known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been developed as a potential treatment option for various malignancies, including HCC. In HCC, ICIs have demonstrated clinically significant advantages as monotherapy or combination therapy. ICIs that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have made significant advances in cancer treatment. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), several ICIs are being tested in clinical trials, and the area is quickly developing. As immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs) linked with ICI therapy expands and gain worldwide access, up-to-date management guidelines become crucial to the safety profile of ICIs. This review aims to describe the evidence for ICIs in treating HCC, emphasizing the use of combination ICIs.
- Subjects
IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; CYTOTOXIC T cells; IPILIMUMAB; CELL death; CYTOTOXIC T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4
- Publication
Cancer Cell International, 2022, Vol 22, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1475-2867
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12935-022-02682-z