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- Title
Polyhydroxy fullerenes.
- Authors
Georgieva, Angelina; Pappu, Vijay; Krishna, Vijay; Georgiev, Pando; Ghiviriga, Ion; Indeglia, Paul; Xu, Xin; Fan, Z.; Koopman, Ben; Pardalos, Panos; Moudgil, Brij
- Abstract
Characterization of C polyhydroxyfullerenes (PHF) prepared in alkaline media, preparation facilitated by phase-transfer catalyst, presents challenges in determining the chemical structure resulting from the possibility of multiple isomers or analogs with greater or fewer hydroxyl groups from a single reaction mixture. This paper presents the utilization of analytical methods employed in tandem, especially X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for semi-quantitative analysis on the number of hydroxyl groups present in PHF. Capillary Electrophoresis was used for purity estimation of the material. Multiple spectra and electropherograms were analyzed using a new simultaneous curve fitting method. The most accurate estimate of hydroxyl groups for C polyhydroxy fullerenes obtained is between 16 and 18 allylic hydroxyl groups by combining analytical methods' results with 5 % accuracy. High precision (reproducibility) of the experiments is observed. Purity of 98 % is estimated by capillary electrophoresis. The size of PHF nanoparticles or aggregates has been determined by atomic force microscopy to be 7.4-14.2 nm. According to the elemental analysis the average probable empirical formula for the most pure PHF at pH 7.1 is COHNa(NaHCO)(HO) and the average formula weight is 1,605.9 g/mol. This is the first thorough characterization of PHF in terms of purity.
- Subjects
HYDROXY acids; FULLERENES; PARAMAGNETISM; NUCLEAR magnetic resonance; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ISOMERS; CAPILLARY electrophoresis
- Publication
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2013, Vol 15, Issue 7, p1
- ISSN
1388-0764
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11051-013-1690-6