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- Title
Transformation of Graphite Recovered from Batteries into Functionalized Graphene-Based Sorbents and Application to Gas Desulfurization.
- Authors
Fernández-Martínez, Rodolfo; Ortiz, Isabel; Gómez-Mancebo, M. Belén; Alcaraz, Lorena; Fernández, Manuel; López, Félix A.; Rucandio, Isabel; Sánchez-Hervás, José María
- Abstract
The recycling and recovery of value-added secondary raw materials such as spent Zn/C batteries is crucial to reduce the environmental impact of wastes and to achieve cost-effective and sustainable processing technologies. The aim of this work is to fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based sorbents with a desulfurization capability using recycled graphite from spent Zn/C batteries as raw material. Recycled graphite was obtained from a black mass recovered from the dismantling of spent batteries by a hydrometallurgical process. Graphene oxide (GO) obtained by the Tour's method was comparable to that obtained from pure graphite. rGO-based sorbents were prepared by doping obtained GO with NiO and ZnO precursors by a hydrothermal route with a final annealing step. Recycled graphite along with the obtained GO, intermediate (rGO-NiO-ZnO) and final composites (rGO-NiO-ZnO-400) were characterized by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) that corroborated the removal of metal impurities from the starting material as well as the presence of NiO- and ZnO-doped reduced graphene oxide. The performance of the prepared composites was evaluated by sulfidation tests under different conditions. The results revealed that the proposed rGO-NiO-ZnO composite present a desulfurization capability similar to that of commercial sorbents which constitutes a competitive alternative to syngas cleaning.
- Subjects
GRAPHENE oxide; RAW materials; X-ray fluorescence; METAL inclusions; SULFIDATION; GRAPHITE oxide
- Publication
Molecules, 2024, Vol 29, Issue 15, p3577
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules29153577