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- Title
AUTIZMAS. MITYBOS ĮTAKA. LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA.
- Authors
BALTRENE, Jurate
- Abstract
Introduction. Approximately 1/100 children worldwide are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of this disorder is greatly influenced by genetics and environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to review the scientific literature examining the influence of nutrition and various micronutrients on the development and treatment of ASD. Research material and methods. The literature review was conducted using studies and review articles published in the PubMed database. Results. Carnitine is a conditionally necessary food substance mainly found in animal products. If its absorption or biosynthesis is disturbed, symptoms of autism may appear. It is necessary to ensure a sufficient amount of carnitine in the diet of pregnant women, infants and children to prevent secondary carnitine deficiency. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for brain development and functioning. An increased ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids increases the risk of autism, as well as promoting inflammatory reactions and causing pain syndrome. The amount of omega-6 fatty acids obtained from food should be reduced, and the amount of omega-3 fatty acids should be increased. Omega-3 supplements improve autism symptoms. As the amount of vitamin D in the mother’s body increases, the risk of ASD decreases. The mechanism of action is possibly related to DNA repair and/or the arginine signaling pathway. The target concentration of vitamin D is 50–75 nmol/l. Sialic acid, the best source of which is breast milk, as well as animal products, is necessary for normal brain development. In the group of individuals with ASD, neuroanatomical changes are observed, influencing changes in the regulation of the intestinal and brain axis, dysbiosis. Hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria may be related to the pathogenesis of ASD in children. Recent research shows that a ketogenic diet can improve social functioning and behavior in children with ASD. Conclusions. Nutrition plays an important role in the development and expression of autism. It is important to ensure that the diet of a pregnant woman and child contains enough products of animal origin (the main food source of carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids, sialic acid, and vitamin D3). It is recommended to avoid oxalates in the diet. Ketogenic diet plays a neuroprotective role in ASD. Ketones are an alternative food for the brain.
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC literature; OMEGA-3 fatty acids; SIALIC acids; OMEGA-6 fatty acids; AUTISM spectrum disorders; CHILD behavior; SOCIAL interaction in children; DNA repair
- Publication
Biological Psychiatry & Psychopharmacology / Biologinė Psichiatrija ir Psichofarmakologija, 2022, Vol 24, Issue 1/2, p17
- ISSN
1648-293X
- Publication type
Article