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- Title
Definitive engineering strength and fracture toughness of graphene through on-chip nanomechanics.
- Authors
Jaddi, Sahar; Malik, M. Wasil; Wang, Bin; Pugno, Nicola M.; Zeng, Yun; Coulombier, Michael; Raskin, Jean-Pierre; Pardoen, Thomas
- Abstract
Fail-safe design of devices requires robust integrity assessment procedures which are still absent for 2D materials, hence affecting transfer to applications. Here, a combined on-chip tension and cracking method, and associated data reduction scheme have been developed to determine the fracture toughness and strength of monolayer-monodomain-freestanding graphene. Myriads of specimens are generated providing statistical data. The crack arrest tests provide a definitive fracture toughness of 4.4 MPa m . Tension on-chip provides Young's modulus of 950 GPa, fracture strain of 11%, and tensile strength up to 110 GPa, reaching a record of stored elastic energy ~6 GJ m−3 as confirmed by thermodynamics and quantized fracture mechanics. A ~ 1.4 nm crack size is often found responsible for graphene failure, connected to 5-7 pair defects. Micron-sized graphene membranes and smaller can be produced defect-free, and design rules can be based on 110 GPa strength. For larger areas, a fail-safe design should be based on a maximum 57 GPa strength. Researchers used a fracture mechanics approach with on-chip nanomechanical testing and a large number of samples to establish a definitive fracture toughness of graphene of 4.4 MPa m1/2, with fracture controlled by unavoidable 1.4 nm-size defects.
- Subjects
FRACTURE strength; NANOMECHANICS; GRAPHENE; FRACTURE mechanics; YOUNG'S modulus
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2024, Vol 15, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-024-49426-3