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- Title
Impact of <i>VEGF-C</i> Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral Cancer Susceptibility in Taiwan.
- Authors
Chien, Ming-Hsien; Liu, Yu-Fan; Hsin, Chung-Han; Lin, Chien-Huang; Shih, Chun-Han; Yang, Shun-Fa; Cheng, Chao-Wen; Lin, Chiao-Wen
- Abstract
Background: Oral cancer, which is the fourth most common male cancer, is associated with environmental carcinogens in Taiwan. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, an angiogenic/lymphangiogenic factor with high expression levels in tumor tissues, plays important roles in the development of several malignancies. This study was designed to examine associations of five VEGF-C gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to and clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methodology/Principal Findings: Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGF-C were analyzed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 470 male patients with oral cancer and 426 cancer-free controls. In this study, we found that the VEGF-C rs7664413 and rs2046463 polymorphisms were associated with oral-cancer susceptibility but not with any clinicopathological parameters. The GGACA or GACTG haplotype of five VEGF-C SNPs (rs3775194, rs11947611, rs1485766, rs7664413, and rs2046463) combined was also related to the risk of oral cancer. Among 611 male smokers, VEGF-C polymorphism carriers who also chewed betel quid were found to have a 14.5–24.2-fold risk of having oral cancer compared to the VEGF-C wild-type carrier who did not chew betel quid. Among 461 male betel-quid chewers, VEGF-C polymorphism carriers who also smoked had a 2.7–18.1-fold risk of having oral cancer compared to those who carried the wild type but did not smoke. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the two SNPs of VEGF-C (rs7664413 and rs2046463) and either of two haplotypes of five SNPs combined have potential predictive significance in oral carcinogenesis. Gene-environmental interactions among VEGF-C polymorphisms, smoking, and betel-quid chewing might alter one's susceptibility to oral cancer.
- Subjects
TAIWAN; ORAL cancer risk factors; CANCER susceptibility; VASCULAR endothelial growth factors; GENETIC polymorphisms; GENE expression; ENVIRONMENTALLY induced cancer; SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0060283