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- Title
Input–Output Budgets of Major Ions for a Forested Watershed in Western Maryland.
- Authors
Castro, Mark S.; Morgan II, Raymond P.
- Abstract
We measured concentrations and fluxes of major ions in wet deposition, throughfall and stream water in a forested watershed on the Allegheny Plateau of western Maryland to investigate canopy-atmosphere interactions and to calculate input–output budgets. Wet deposition was dominated by H+, SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ ions. Hydrogen and SO42- accounted for 70 and 58% of the total cation and anion equivalents, respectively. Annual wet deposition rates of SO42- (0.56 keq ha-1 yr-1), NO3M- (0.31 keq ha-1 yr -1) and NH4+ (0.17 keq ha-1 yr -1) were at the high end of the range in wet deposition rates reported for other sites in the eastern United States. On an annual basis, the forest canopy consumed 20% of the free acidity in incident precipitation, had no net effect on Na+ and NH4+ deposition, and was a net source of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3-; 1.5 to 22 times greater than the wet deposition rates. On an annual basis, the watershed of the unnamed tributary to Herrington Creek (HCWS) retained essentially all of the throughfall H+ and NH4+ inputs, 35% of the throughfall K+ input and 62% of the throughfall NO3- input. In contrast, HCWS was a net source of SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+; export rates were 2 to 5 times greater than throughfall inputs. Sulfate was the dominant anion associated with cation leaching, accounting for 78% of the total anion export of 1.8 keq ha-1 yr -1 in 1996–1997.
- Subjects
WESTERN Maryland; IONS; CATIONS; ANIONS; WATERSHEDS; MOUNTAIN watersheds; LANDFORMS; FOREST canopies
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2000, Vol 119, Issue 1-4, p121
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1023/A:1005113426448