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- Title
The deleterious effects of maternal protein deprivation on the brainstem are minimized with moderate physical activity by offspring during early life.
- Authors
Bernardo, Elenilson Maximino; Pedroza, Anderson Apolônio da Silva; Ferreira, Diorginis José Soares; de Andrade, Severina Cassia; Rozendo, Allifer; Fernandes, Matheus Santos de Sousa; Silva, Tercya Lucidi; Fernandes, Mariana Pinheiro; Lagranha, Claudia J.
- Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during developmental periods might impair the redox state and the brain's excitatory/inhibitory neural network, increasing central sympathetic tone. Conversely, moderate physical exercise at an early age reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that a moderate training protocol could reduce the harmful effects of a low-protein maternal diet on the brainstem of young male offspring. We used a rat model of maternal protein restriction during the gestational and lactation period followed by an offspring's continuous treadmill exercise. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups according to the protein content in the diet: normoprotein (NP), receiving 17% of casein, and low protein (LP), receiving 8% of casein until the end of lactation. At 30 days of age, the male offspring were further subdivided into sedentary (NP-Sed and LP-Sed) or exercised (NP-Ex and LP-Ex) groups. Treadmill exercise was performed as follows: 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 60 min/day at 50% of maximal running capacity. The trained animals performed a treadmill exercise at 50% of the maximal running capacity, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Our results indicate that a low-protein diet promotes deficits in the antioxidant system and a likely mitochondrial uncoupling. On the other hand, physical exercise restores the redox balance, which leads to decreased oxidative stress caused by the diet. In addition, it also promotes benefits to GABAergic inhibitory signaling. We conclude that regular moderate physical exercise performed in youthhood protects the brainstem against changes induced by maternal protein restriction.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of chronic diseases; MOTHERS; BIOLOGICAL models; CASEINS; RUNNING; NEURAL pathways; INFANTS; ANIMAL experimentation; PROTEIN-energy malnutrition; NUTRITIONAL requirements; TREADMILLS; ANTIOXIDANTS; DIET; PRENATAL exposure delayed effects; PHYSICAL activity; RATS; COMPARATIVE studies; MITOCHONDRIA; OXIDATIVE stress; CELLULAR signal transduction; EXERCISE; EXERCISE intensity; RESEARCH funding; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; GABA; BRAIN stem; OXIDATION-reduction reaction; DISEASE complications; CHILDREN
- Publication
Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 2024, Vol 49, Issue 2, p157
- ISSN
1715-5312
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1139/apnm-2023-0122