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- Title
Feruloylated Products from Coconut Oil and Shea Butter.
- Authors
Compton, David L.; Goodell, John R.; Berhow, Mark A.; Kenar, James A.; Cermak, Steven C.; Evans, Kervin O.
- Abstract
The synthesis of feruloylated coconut oil and feruloylated shea butter were demonstrated in 0.5-L scale, shaken, batch reactions. Ethyl ferulate and the vegetable oil/fat were combined in a 1.0:1.3 mol ratio in the presence of Candida antartica lipase B immobilized on an acrylic resin (Novozym 435) at 60 °C. The transesterification of ethyl ferulate with coconut oil and shea butter reached equilibrium conversions, after 22 days, of 63 and 70%, respectively, with the shea butter transesterifications producing a white precipitate not observed in the coconut oil transesterifications. The faster transesterification rates, equilibrium conversions and white precipitate were shown to result from di- and monoacylglycerols (DAG and MAG) present in the shea butter. The transesterification of ethyl ferulate and coconut oil was also tested in a continuous, enzymatic, packed-bed bioreactor using Novozym 435 at 60 °C to produce feruloylated coconut oil at rates of 0.5-0.9 kg/day over 4.5 months. The feruloylated coconut oil acylglycerol species were identified by LC-MS analysis of transesterification reactions of ethyl ferulate with medium chain triacylglycerol (TAG) standards, C8-C14. The feruloylated vegetable oils possessed an ultra violet (UV) absorbing λ 328 nm, making them good UVAII absorbers, as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The feruloylated coconut oil possessed a 17.5% higher absorption capacity than feruloylated shea butter on a per weight basis. All the feruloylated vegetable oils possessed rapid antioxidant capacity (50% reduction of initial radical concentration <5 min) at the concentrations tested, 0.5-2.5 mM. Feruloylated coconut oil possessed chemical and physical characteristics that suggested it would be fungible for feruloylated soybean oil in current retail formulations.
- Subjects
COCONUT oil; SHEA butter; ACRYLIC resins; TRANSESTERIFICATION; ESTERIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDES
- Publication
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (JAOCS), 2017, Vol 94, Issue 3, p397
- ISSN
0003-021X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11746-017-2953-7