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- Title
Molecular Regulation of Bone Metastasis Pathogenesis.
- Authors
Meng-Yu Wu; Chia-Jung Li; Giou-Teng Yiang; Yeung-Leung Cheng; Andy Po-Yi Tsai; Yueh-Tseng Hou; Yu-Chieh Ho; Ming-Feng Hou; Pei-Yi Chu
- Abstract
Distant metastases are the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Bone metastases may cause bone fractures, local pain, hypercalcemia, bone marrow aplasia, and spinal cord compression. Therefore, the management of bone metastases is important in cancer treatment. Normal bone remodeling is regulated by osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and other cytokines. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells induce a vicious cycle that promotes osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Studies support the idea that distant metastases may occur due to the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells inhibit T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and differentiate into tumor-associating macrophages (TAMs), monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we summarize studies focusing on the role of MDSCs in bone metastasis and provide a strong foundation for developing anticancer immune treatments and anticancer therapies, in general.
- Subjects
TRANCE protein; PARATHYROID hormone-related protein; PEPTIDE hormones; BONE metastasis; PATIENTS; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
Cellular Physiology & Biochemistry (Karger AG), 2018, Vol 46, Issue 4, p1423
- ISSN
1015-8987
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000489184