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- Title
Satellite Observations for Detecting and Forecasting Sea-Ice Conditions: A Summary of Advances Made in the SPICES Project by the EU's Horizon 2020 Programme.
- Authors
Mäkynen, Marko; Haapala, Jari; Aulicino, Giuseppe; Balan-Sarojini, Beena; Balmaseda, Magdalena; Gegiuc, Alexandru; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny; Hendricks, Stefan; Heygster, Georg; Istomina, Larysa; Kaleschke, Lars; Karvonen, Juha; Krumpen, Thomas; Lensu, Mikko; Mayer, Michael; Parmiggiani, Flavio; Ricker, Robert; Rinne, Eero; Schmitt, Amelie; Similä, Markku
- Abstract
The detection, monitoring, and forecasting of sea-ice conditions, including their extremes, is very important for ship navigation and offshore activities, and for monitoring of sea-ice processes and trends. We summarize here recent advances in the monitoring of sea-ice conditions and their extremes from satellite data as well as the development of sea-ice seasonal forecasting capabilities. Our results are the outcome of the three-year (2015–2018) SPICES (Space-borne Observations for Detecting and Forecasting Sea-Ice Cover Extremes) project funded by the EU's Horizon 2020 programme. New SPICES sea-ice products include pancake ice thickness and degree of ice ridging based on synthetic aperture radar imagery, Arctic sea-ice volume and export derived from multisensor satellite data, and melt pond fraction and sea-ice concentration using Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) radiometer data. Forecasts of July sea-ice conditions from initial conditions in May showed substantial improvement in some Arctic regions after adding sea-ice thickness (SIT) data to the model initialization. The SIT initialization also improved seasonal forecasts for years with extremely low summer sea-ice extent. New SPICES sea-ice products have a demonstrable level of maturity, and with a reasonable amount of further work they can be integrated into various operational sea-ice services.
- Subjects
ARCTIC regions; SPICES; SYNTHETIC aperture radar; SEAWATER salinity; ARTIFICIAL satellites in navigation; HORIZON; ARTIFICIAL satellites
- Publication
Remote Sensing, 2020, Vol 12, Issue 7, p1214
- ISSN
2072-4292
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/rs12071214