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- Title
Acute Ammonia Causes Pathogenic Dysbiosis of Shrimp Gut Biofilms.
- Authors
Gao, Ning; Shu, Yi; Wang, Yongming; Sun, Meng; Wei, Zhongcheng; Song, Chenxi; Zhang, Weipeng; Sun, Yue; Hu, Xiaoli; Bao, Zhenmin; Ding, Wei
- Abstract
Acute ammonia exposure has detrimental effects on shrimp, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully explored. In the present study, we investigated the impact of acute ammonia exposure on the gut microbiota of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its association with shrimp mortality. Exposure to a lethal concentration of ammonia for 48 h resulted in increased mortality in L. vannamei, with severe damage to the hepatopancreas. Ammonia exposure led to a significant decrease in gut microbial diversity, along with the loss of beneficial bacterial taxa and the proliferation of pathogenic Vibrio strains. A phenotypic analysis revealed a transition from the dominance of aerobic to facultative anaerobic strains due to ammonia exposure. A functional analysis revealed that ammonia exposure led to an enrichment of genes related to biofilm formation, host colonization, and virulence pathogenicity. A species-level analysis and experiments suggest the key role of a Vibrio harveyi strain in causing shrimp disease and specificity under distinct environments. These findings provide new information on the mechanism of shrimp disease under environmental changes.
- Subjects
WHITELEG shrimp; SHRIMPS; SHRIMP diseases; COLONIZATION (Ecology); DYSBIOSIS; SHRIMP culture; HEMOCYANIN; AMMONIA
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 5, p2614
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25052614