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- Title
Biology of Kincaid's Lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii [Smith] Phillips), a Threatended Species of Western Oregon Native Prairies, USA.
- Authors
Wilson, Mark V.; Erhart, Teman; Hammond, Paul C.; Kaye, Thomas N.; Kuykendall, Keli; Liston, Aaron; Robinson Jr., Andrew F.; Schultz, Cheryl B.; Severns, Paul M.
- Abstract
Kincaid's lupine (Lupine sulphureus ssp. kincaidii [Smith] Phillips), a perennial, leguminous herb of 57 sites in western Oregon and Washington, USA, was recently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Results from genetic, pollination, morphological, mating, and distributional studies describe Kincaid's lupine as (a) strongly outcrossing, relying on native insects for most pollination; (b) having large, spreading genets within populations; (c) once widely distributed and abundant, with high levels of interpopulation gene flow; (d) now with isolated populations and a high genetic load that might be causing inbreeding depression; and (e) with high levels of insect predation on flowers and seeds that contribute to poor reproductive success. Conservation efforts for Kincaid's lupine are often linked with conservation of the closely associated Fender's blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides fenderi [Macy]), for which it is the main larval host plant, and have focused on stopping habitat destruction and on managing and restoring habitat. Reducing prairie dominance by tall, herbaceous weeds and woody plants increases Kincaid's lupine vigor. Reestablishment of Kincaid's lupine is possible but requires large numbers of seeds and protection of seedlings from crowding. Further research into the genetics, symbiotic associations, demography, and habitat requirements of Kincaid's lupine is needed for effective recovery of this threatened species.
- Subjects
WESTERN Oregon; LUPINES; ENDANGERED species; PRAIRIES
- Publication
Natural Areas Journal, 2003, Vol 23, Issue 1, p72
- ISSN
0885-8608
- Publication type
Article