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- Title
Breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and female sex are associated with HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya.
- Authors
Farquhar C; Lohman-Payne B; Overbaugh J; Richardson BA; Mabuka J; Bosire R; Mbori-Ngacha D; John-Stewart G; Farquhar, Carey; Lohman-Payne, Barbara; Overbaugh, Julie; Richardson, Barbra A; Mabuka, Jennifer; Bosire, Rose; Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy; John-Stewart, Grace
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Although evidence supports a relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 exposure and HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, studies have not demonstrated a direct association between the quantity of HIV-1 to which a person is exposed and the presence or absence of a response.<bold>Methods: </bold>From 1999 to 2005, maternal HIV-1 RNA levels were measured in blood, cervical secretions, and breast milk at delivery and 1 month after delivery. HIV-1-specific interferon (IFN)-γ Elispot assays were conducted to determine infant CD8(+) T-cell responses at 3 months of age.<bold>Results: </bold>Among 161 infants tested with Elispot assays, 23 (14%) had positive results. Mothers whose infants had a positive assay had higher breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels at month 1 compared with mothers whose infants had negative Elispot assays (3.1 vs 2.5 log(10) copies/mL; P = .017). Female infants were also more likely to have positive Elispot assays than male infants (P = .046), and in multivariate analyses, both female sex and high breast milk HIV-1 levels remained important predictors of a positive response (P = .022 and P = .015, respectively).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Exposure to breast milk HIV-1 and sex were associated with development of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in infants. These data support a role for mucosal exposure via the oral route in induction of systemic HIV-1-specific cellular immunity.
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011, Vol 204, Issue 11, p1806
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jir643