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- Title
The important roles of RET, VEGFR2 and the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in cancer treatment with sorafenib.
- Authors
Mao, Wei-feng; Shao, Min-hua; Gao, Pin-ting; Ma, Ji; Li, Hui-juan; Li, Gai-ling; Han, Bao-hui; Yuan, Chong-gang
- Abstract
Aim:To elucidate the roles of receptor tyrosine kinases RET and VEGFR2 and the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade in cancer treatment with sorafenib.Methods:The cell lines A549, HeLa, and HepG2 were tested. The enzyme activity was examined under cell-free conditions using 384-well microplate assays. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Invitrogen Alarmar Blue assay. Gene expression was analyzed using the Invitrogen SYBR Green expression assays with a sequence detection system. Protein expression analysis was performed using Western blotting.Results:Sorafenib potently suppressed the activities of cRAF, VEGFR2, and RET with IC50 values of 20.9, 4 and 0.4 nmol/L, respectively. Sorafenib inhibited cRAF, VEGFR2, and RET via non-ATP-competitive, ATP-competitive and mixed-type modes, respectively. In contrast, sorafenib exerted only moderate cytotoxic effects on the proliferation of the 3 cell lines. The IC50 values for inhibition of A549, HeLa, and HepG2 cells were 8572, 4163, and 8338 nmol/L, respectively. In the 3 cell lines, sorafenib suppressed the cell proliferation mainly by blocking the MEK/ERK downstream pathway at the posttranscriptional level, which in turn regulated related gene expression via a feed-back mechanism.Conclusion:This study provides novel evidence that protein kinases RET and VEGFR2 play crucial roles in cancer treatment with sorafenib.
- Subjects
VASCULAR endothelial growth factor receptors; RAF genes; CANCER treatment; PROTO-oncogenes; METHYL ethyl ketone; EXTRACELLULAR signal-regulated kinases; CELL proliferation; PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases
- Publication
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2012, Vol 33, Issue 10, p1311
- ISSN
1671-4083
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/aps.2012.76