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- Title
Deconvolution of dissipative pathways for the interpretation of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy from phase-contrast.
- Authors
Phani, Arindam; Jung, Ho Sang; Kim, Seonghwan
- Abstract
Phase-contrast in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) results from dynamic tip-surface interaction losses which allow soft and hard nanoscale features to be distinguished. So far, phase-contrast in TM-AFM has been interpreted using homogeneous Boltzmann-like loss distributions that ignore fluctuations. Here, we revisit the origin of phase-contrast in TM-AFM by considering the role of fluctuation-driven transitions and heterogeneous loss. At ultra-light tapping amplitudes <3 nm, a unique amplitude dependent two-stage distribution response is revealed, alluding to metastable viscous relaxations that originate from tapping-induced surface perturbations. The elastic and viscous coefficients are also quantitatively estimated from the resulting strain rate at the fixed tapping frequency. The transitional heterogeneous losses emerge as the dominant loss mechanism outweighing homogeneous losses at smaller amplitudes for a soft-material. Analogous fluctuation mediated phase-contrast is also apparent in contact resonance enhanced AFM-IR (infrared), showing promise in decoupling competing thermal loss mechanisms via radiative and non-radiative pathways. Understanding the loss pathways can provide insights on the bio-physical origins of heterogeneities in soft-bio-matter e.g., single cancer cell, tumors, and soft-tissues. Phase-contrast in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy has been interpreted using homogeneous distributions that ignore fluctuations. Here, the validity of this assumption is challenged, revealing tip-induced heterogeneous contributions.
- Subjects
ATOMIC force microscopy; PHASE-contrast microscopy; PERTURBATION theory; ELASTICITY; COEFFICIENTS (Statistics)
- Publication
Communications Physics, 2021, Vol 4, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2399-3650
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s42005-021-00576-6