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- Title
The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity.
- Authors
Chen Zhu; Anderson, Ana C.; Schubart, Anna; Huabao Xiong; Imitola, Jaime; Khoury, Samia J.; Xin Xiao Zheng; Strom, Terry B.; Kuchroo, Vijay K.
- Abstract
Tim-3 is a T helper type 1 (TH1)–specific cell surface molecule that seems to regulate TH1 responses and the induction of peripheral tolerance. However, the identity of the Tim-3 ligand and the mechanism by which this ligand inhibits the function of effector TH1 cells remain unknown. Here we show that galectin-9 is the Tim-3 ligand. Galectin-9-induced intracellular calcium flux, aggregation and death of TH1 cells were Tim-3-dependent in vitro, and administration of galectin-9 in vivo resulted in selective loss of interferon-γ-producing cells and suppression of TH1 autoimmunity. These data suggest that the Tim-3–galectin-9 pathway may have evolved to ensure effective termination of effector TH1 cells.
- Subjects
IMMUNITY; IMMUNOLOGY; T cells; LYMPHOCYTES; LEUCOCYTES; BLOOD cells
- Publication
Nature Immunology, 2005, Vol 6, Issue 12, p1245
- ISSN
1529-2908
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/ni1271