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- Title
Cytokines and microbicidal molecules regulated by IL-32 in THP-1-derived human macrophages infected with New World Leishmania species.
- Authors
dos Santos, Jéssica Cristina; Heinhuis, Bas; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Damen, Michelle S. M. A.; Real, Fernando; Mortara, Renato A.; Keating, Samuel T.; Dinarello, Charles A.; Joosten, Leo A. B.; Ribeiro-Dias, Fátima
- Abstract
Background: Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is expressed in lesions of patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), but its precise role in the disease remains unknown. Methodology/Principal findings: In the present study, silencing and overexpression of IL-32 was performed in THP-1-derived macrophages infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis or L. (Leishmania) amazonensis to investigate the role of IL-32 in infection. We report that Leishmania species induces IL-32γ, and show that intracellular IL-32γ protein production is dependent on endogenous TNFα. Silencing or overexpression of IL-32 demonstrated that this cytokine is closely related to TNFα and IL-8. Remarkably, the infection index was augmented in the absence of IL-32 and decreased in cells overexpressing this cytokine. Mechanistically, these effects can be explained by nitric oxide cathelicidin and β-defensin 2 production regulated by IL-32. Conclusions: Thus, endogenous IL-32 is a crucial cytokine involved in the host defense against Leishmania parasites.
- Subjects
CYTOKINE genetics; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cytokines; MACROPHAGE activation; MACROPHAGE activating factors; IMMUNOREGULATION
- Publication
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017, Vol 11, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1935-2727
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005413