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- Title
A Review of Natural Peptide Sweeteners.
- Authors
Sharififar, Fariba; Ashrafzadeh, Anis; Kavirimanesh Khanaman, Mahboubeh
- Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diseases caused by sugar consumption has become a threat to human health, and various studies have reported the relationship between high sugar consumption and the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes. Sugar-free products such as low-calorie sweeteners, especially peptide types, are very popular today due to the production of fewer calories. These sweeteners often have a protein structure and have a wide variety in terms of taste and dosage. Although extensive studies consider sweeteners to be safe and suitable substitutes for sugar, studies show that artificial types of these sweeteners can cause oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, nervous system diseases, changes in the gastrointestinal microflora. Despite these conflicting studies, food safety organizations such as the FDA, FAO, EFSA limit the consumption of sweeteners to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for all people, except for cases such as phenylketonuria. The purpose of this study is to briefly introduce natural peptide sweeteners (NPSs) that are good candidates to replace sugar and artificial sweeteners. The most important NPSs discussed in this summary include thaumatin, brazzein, monellin, curculin, miraculin, mabinlin, pentadin, whose safety, dosage and toxicity are discussed. Among the NPSs, thaumatin has been approved by FDA. This protein offers sweetness about 2000 times more than sucrose while produces only 4 kcal/g. NPSs generally show fewer side effects than synthetic types. The use of other NPS is also currently legal as a flavor enhancer and sugar substitute, but there are still challenges to their approval by the FDA.
- Publication
International Journal of Peptide Research & Therapeutics, 2022, Vol 28, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
1573-3149
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10989-022-10464-4