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- Title
Synthesis and Investigation of Novel CHCA-Derived Matrices for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Lipids.
- Authors
Monopoli, Antonio; Ventura, Giovanni; Aloia, Andrea; Ciriaco, Fulvio; Nacci, Angelo; Cataldi, Tommaso R. I.; Calvano, Cosima D.
- Abstract
A significant area of study and upgrading for increasing sensitivity and general performances of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is related to matrix design. Several efforts have been made to address the challenge of low-mass-region interference-free for metabolomics analysis and specifically for lipidomics. To this aim, rationally designed matrices as 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (ClCCA) were introduced and reported to provide enhanced analytical performances. We have taken this rational design one step further by developing and optimizing new MALDI matrices with a range of modifications on the CHCA core, involving different functionalities and substituents. Of particular interest was the understanding of the electron-withdrawing (e.g., nitro-) or donating (e.g., methoxy-) effects along with the extent of conjugation on the ionization efficiency. In the present work, ten matrices were designed on a reasonable basis, synthesized, and characterized by NMR and UV spectroscopies and laser desorption ionization. With the assistance of these putative MALDI matrices, samples containing phospholipids (PL), and neutral di-/tri-acylglycerols (DAG, TAG) were investigated using milk, fish, blood, and human plasma extracts. In comparison with CHCA and ClCCA, four of them, viz. [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (1), [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-nitrophenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (2), [(E)-2-cyano-3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (6) and [(E)-2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (7) displayed good to even excellent performances as MALDI matrices in terms of ionization capability, interference-free spectra, S/N ratio, and reproducibility. Especially compound 7 (cyano naphthyl acrylic acid, CNAA) was the election matrix for PL analysis and matrix 2 (cyano nitrophenyl dienoic acid, CNDA) for neutral lipids such as DAG and TAG in positive ion mode.
- Subjects
LIPID analysis; ULTRAVIOLET lasers; DESORPTION; LASER spectroscopy
- Publication
Molecules, 2022, Vol 27, Issue 8, pN.PAG
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules27082565