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- Title
An anaerobic mitochondrion that produces hydrogen.
- Authors
Boxma, Brigitte; de Graaf, Rob M.; van der Staay, Georg W.M.; van Alen, Theo A.; Ricard, Guenola; Gabaldón, Toni; van Hoek, Angela H.A.M.; Seung Yeo Moon-van der Staay; Koopman, Werner J.H.; van Hellemond, Jaap J.; Tielens, Aloysius G.M.; Friedrich, Thorsten; Veenhuis, Marten; Huynen, Martijn A.; Hackstein, Johannes H.P.
- Abstract
Hydrogenosomes are organelles that produce ATP and hydrogen, and are found in various unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates. Although all of these organelles generate hydrogen, the hydrogenosomes from these organisms are structurally and metabolically quite different, just like mitochondria where large differences also exist. These differences have led to a continuing debate about the evolutionary origin of hydrogenosomes. Here we show that the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, which thrives in the hindgut of cockroaches, have retained a rudimentary genome encoding components of a mitochondrial electron transport chain. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that those proteins cluster with their homologues from aerobic ciliates. In addition, several nucleus-encoded components of the mitochondrial proteome, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex II, were identified. The N. ovalis hydrogenosome is sensitive to inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I and produces succinate as a major metabolic end product-biochemical traits typical of anaerobic mitochondria. The production of hydrogen, together with the presence of a genome encoding respiratory chain components, and biochemical features characteristic of anaerobic mitochondria, identify the N. ovalis organelle as a missing link between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes.
- Subjects
EUKARYOTIC cells; GENOMES; MITOCHONDRIA; ORGANELLES; HYDROGEN; DEHYDROGENASES
- Publication
Nature, 2005, Vol 434, Issue 7029, p74
- ISSN
0028-0836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nature03343