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- Title
Conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears: A review.
- Authors
Ortez, Osler A.; McMechan, Anthony J.; Hoegemeyer, Thomas; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.; Nielsen, Robert L.; Thomison, Peter R.; Abendroth, Lori J.; Elmore, Roger W.
- Abstract
Abnormal ear development in corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported for more than 100 years. More recently, in 2016, widespread abnormal multiple ears per stalk node (herein termed as multi‐ears), barbell ears, and short husks were reported in cornfields located in the western and central Corn Belt (Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas), Eastern Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle region in the United States. Little was known about the underlying causes of these abnormalities. A literature review examining conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears was conducted. Several abnormal ear symptoms appear to be formed by stress conditions such as extreme weather, limited solar radiation, and responses to plant growth regulators. The accumulation of these effects can result in the abortion of primary ears and the development of secondary abnormal ears, which has been a hypothesis for the last 15 years. Whether or not primary ear abortion is one of the factors for abnormal ears remains a valid question. Abnormal ears can be understood as the result of an "expression triangle": susceptible genetics, conducive environmental conditions, and unfavorable management practices. Together, these factors can interact and cause abnormal ears and lower yields. Active knowledge gaps include the environmental and physiological pathways to abnormal ears, their impact on grain quality and yield, their effect on other processes such as dry‐down and harvest ease, and an in‐depth understanding of differing genetics, environment, and management. Core Ideas: Extreme weather, low solar radiation, and growth regulators can be some of the causes.Primary ear abortion has been observed to correlate with the occurrence of abnormal ears.Factors affecting corn ear formation and abnormal ears result in lower yields.Genetic × environment × management interactions affect ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears.
- Subjects
EXTREME weather; PLANT regulators; EAR; CORN development; CORN; SOLAR radiation; GRAIN yields
- Publication
Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 2022, Vol 8, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
2374-3832
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cft2.20173