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- Title
Association of APOE gene with longitudinal changes of CSF amyloid beta and tau levels in Alzheimer's disease: racial differences.
- Authors
Xu, Chun; Xiao, Danqing; Su, Brenda Bin; Saveron, Jaime Miguel; Gamez, Daniela; Navia, R. Osvaldo; Wang, Nianyang; Roy, Upal; Adjeroh, Donald A.; Wang, Kesheng
- Abstract
Background: The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no investigation has focused on racial differences in the longitudinal effect of APOE genotypes on CSF amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau levels in AD. Methods: This study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 222 participants with AD, 264 with cognitive normal (CN), and 692 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and two years follow-up. We used a linear mixed model to investigate the effect of APOE-ε4-genotypes on longitudinal changes in the amyloid beta and tau levels. Results: Individuals with 1 or 2 APOE ε4 alleles revealed significantly higher t-Tau and p-Tau, but lower amyloid beta Aβ42 compared with individuals without APOE ε4 alleles. Significantly higher levels of log-t-Tau, log-p-Tau, and low levels of log-Aβ42 were observed in the subjects with older age, being female, and the two diagnostic groups (AD and MCI). The higher p-Tau and Aβ42 values are associated with poor Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance. Non-Hispanic Africa American (AA) and Hispanic participants were associated with decreased log-t-Tau levels (β = − 0.154, p = 0.0112; β = − 0.207, and p = 0.0016, respectively) as compared to those observed in Whites. Furthermore, Hispanic participants were associated with a decreased log-p-Tau level (β = − 0.224, p = 0.0023) compared to those observed in Whites. There were no differences in Aβ42 level for non-Hispanic AA and Hispanic participants compared with White participants. Conclusion: Our study, for the first time, showed that the APOE ε4 allele was associated with these biomarkers, however with differing degrees among racial groups.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease; TAU proteins; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; RACIAL differences; AMYLOID
- Publication
Neurological Sciences, 2024, Vol 45, Issue 3, p1041
- ISSN
1590-1874
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10072-023-07076-1